Summer heat places greater stress on vehicle systems than winter cold, requiring car owners to inspect six key fluids before the season begins. Spring offers the ideal window to prepare the vehicle after the demanding months of winter.
Engine Oil
Engine oil acts as the lifeblood of the engine, lubricating moving parts to prevent wear. Cold weather causes oil to thicken, reducing its ability to coat components effectively. As temperatures rise, the oil thins out and breaks down faster, leading to increased friction and heat inside the engine.
Older oil can accelerate oxidation and sludge buildup. Changing the oil according to the manufacturer’s directions is essential for protecting the engine. It is important to use the correct type of oil and maintain it at the optimal level for the specific vehicle.
Coolant
Coolant, a mixture of water and antifreeze, protects the engine from both freezing and overheating. In winter, it lowers the freezing point to prevent the radiator from cracking. Conversely, in summer, it raises the liquid’s boiling point to safeguard against overheating.
Check the coolant level using the expansion tank, as the system operates under pressure. Opening the radiator cap can cause hot coolant to fly out. Cold temperatures can cause hoses and clamps to contract, potentially creating minor leaks. Checking this system in spring ensures proper function throughout the summer months.
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Transmission Fluid
The transmission relies on fluid for lubrication, just like the engine. Cold weather thickens transmission fluid, which can affect gear changes. When the weather warms, the fluid thins and degrades, impacting overall performance.
Inspect the fluid level and condition, especially in older vehicles. If necessary, flush and replace the fluid according to the vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations. Newer cars often feature sealed transmissions that require professional servicing; consult the owner’s manual for specific guidance on this system.
Brake and Power Steering Fluid
Both brake and power steering fluids are hydroscopic, meaning they absorb water from the atmosphere, which can reduce their effectiveness. Replacing brake fluid every two years is generally recommended to maintain system performance.
Check the brake fluid level between the maximum and minimum marks, and flush the system if the fluid is discoloured or contaminated. Thickened power steering fluid can make steering feel heavier, though the sensation may lighten as the car and weather warm up. Always use the correct fluid recommended for the specific car, as these systems are distinct from one another.
Battery
Winter places a heavy load on car batteries because cold temperatures slow down internal chemical reactions. Hot weather, however, causes internal breakdown by evaporating battery fluid and accelerating corrosion. Checking the battery in spring is particularly important for reliability.
